Geology

This 2nd edition of the 2009 original textbook shows the engineer how to take geological conditions into account in his projects, and how to exploit a wide range of natural resources in an intelligent way, reduce geological hazards, and manage subsurface pollution.

1 The Geology-Engineering Partnership 1.1 Areas of engineering geology 1.2 The history of geology 2 The Earth in Space 2.1 The solar system 2.2 The telluric planets 2.3 Giant planets 2.4 Comets 2.5 Meteorites 3 The Earth Through Time 3.1 Measurement of geologic time 3.2 Origin of the Universe and matter 3.3 Voyage through time: From the Precambrian to the Quaternary 4 Physics of the Globe 4.1 Seismology 4.2 Gravimetry 4.3 Magnetism 4.4 Geothermics 5 Rock Forming Minerals 5.1 Crystallography 5.2 Geochemistry 5.3 Practical mineral identification 6 Magmatism and Magmatic Rocks 6.1 Composition of the Earth's layers 6.2 Magmatism and plate tectonics 6.3 From magma to magmatic rocks 6.4 Magmatic events 6.5 Major magmatic rocks 7 The Water Cycle 7.1 Water reserves and their exchanges 7.2 The atmosphere 7.3 Surface water 7.4 Groundwater 7.5 Water in the seas and oceans 8 The Continental Sedimentary Environment 8.1 Generalities 8.2 Hillslope environments 8.3 The alluvial environment 8.4 The lacustrine environment 8.5 The palustrine environment 8.6 Boreal and polar environments 8.7 The desert environment 9 The Oceanic Sedimentary Environment 9.1 Continental margin 9.2 The continental rise and the abyssal plains 10 Diagenesis and Properties of Sedimentary Rocks 10.1 Diagenetic processes 10.2 Detrital rocks 10.3 Biogenic rocks 10.4 Evaporite rocks 11 Metamorphism 11.1 Transformation processes 11.2 Types of metamorphism 11.3 Principal metamorphic rocks and their properties 11.4 Identification of magmatic, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks 12 Tectonics 12.1 Mechanical stresses in the subsurface 12.2 Stress-deformation relationships 12.3 Brittle deformation 12.4 Ductile deformation 12.5 Geometric representation and treatment of structural elements 12.6 The Alps: a tectonic model 13 Weathering 13.1 Weathering processes 13.2 Catalog of weathering-prone materials 13.3 Extent of weathering at depth 13.4 Engineering concerns 13.5 Screening for weathering 14 Geology's Role in the Major Issues Facing Society 14.1 Land development and natural resources 14.2 Environmental protection 14.3 Conclusion