Communicating Process Architecture (CPA) describes an approach to system development that is process-oriented. It makes no great distinction between hardware and software. It has a major root in the theory of Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP). However, the underlying theory is not limited to CSP. The importance of mobility of both channel and process within a network sees integration with ideas from the eth-calculus. Other formalisms are also exploited, such as BSP and MPI. The focus is on sound methods for the engineering of significant concurrent systems, including those that are distributed (across the Internet or within a single chip) and/or software-scheduled on a single execution unit. Traditionally, at CPA, the emphasis has been on theory and practice -
In recent years, guidelines and protocols have gained support as the vehicles for promoting best practices in clinical medicine. They offer the possibilities of reducing unwarranted practice variations, of containing cost while maintaining quality of care, and of defining standards of care for quality assurance purposes. These promises have led to an explosion of guideline publications. Yet studies have shown that dissemination and effective use of guidelines in clinical care remains a major bottleneck. A number of researchers have developed different technologies for delivering computerized guidelines in clinical care. These technologies range from alerts and reminders to knowledge-based systems, information-retrieval systems, and others. The tasks to which guidelines
Today, there are big changes and differences between countries in matters of national defence. Gone are the huge engines of military industrial might, and struggling in their wake are networks upon networks of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME's), groping with the harsh reality of survival in this new world. For the first time, many if not most of them, are being forced to deal with new issues such as product development, marketing to a civilian world, private-sector financing and adopting competitive business practices and generally living outside the shadow of the defence business. Crucial at this juncture is to provide forms of assistance to guide them over new ground. Most observers agree that most businesses are small or medium in size, in the sense that
During the last decades, healthcare in the various industrialized countries has been deteriorating steadily. The enormous progress of medicine in the same period could only partly compensate for the loss. This book describes the deterioration of healthcare that increases continually. It analyses its causes and outlines the measures that might prevent or at least slow the change. The deterioration of healthcare, variable in different fields, progressing at different paces in the various industrialized countries, is produced mainly by two types of causes. Minor ones, resulting from lack of knowledge, or by inadequate equipment or procedures, can be corrected by relatively simple means, such as education and technical or procedural improvements. The major causes for the
In this publication, e-health is defined as the use of advanced telecommunications such as the Internet, portable and other sophisticated devices, advanced networks and new design approaches aiming to support healthcare delivery and education. Thus, e-health refers to a fundamental redesign of healthcare processes based on the use and integration of electronic communication at all levels. It aims to lead to patient empowerment which describes the transition from a passive role where the patient is the recipient of care services to an active role where the patient is informed, has choices and is involved in the decision making process. E-Health has the potential to improve efficiency on a global level when patients cross national boundaries to seek treatment in other
This is the Golden Age for Artificial Intelligence. The world is becoming increasingly automated and wired together. This also increases the opportunities for AI to help people and commerce. Almost every sub field of AI had now been used in substantial applications. Some of the fields highlighted in this publication are: CBR Technology; Model Based Systems; Data Mining and Natural Language Techniques. Not only does this publication show the activities, capabilities and accomplishments of the sub fields, it also focuses on what is happening across the field as a whole.
Autor:B Tessem
Norway) Scandinavian Conference on Artificial Intelligence (8th 200
Data wydania:2004
The Eighth Scandinavian Conference on Artificial Intelligence continues a tradition of being one of the most important regional AI conferences in Europe. Keith Downing focuses on the low road to artificial intelligence, that is, the development of AI through evolutionary artificial life approaches. The topics of the accepted papers range from multi-agent systems, robots, natural languages and machine learning to general knowledge-based systems and formal approaches to AI. This collection of papers together exemplifies the diversity of research in artificial intelligence today. Two of the invited speakers, both focus on vision, although each from slightly different viewpoints. One considers biological models for vision and its consequences for artificial vision, whereas
This book brings together some of the best researchers in the field of aging and neurodegenerative diseases and presents up-to-date information concerning new developments in this exciting area of research in quite separate fields of biomedical science. It includes a wide range of issues such as basic and applied concepts, methods, and techniques used in this area. The chapters examine and evaluate our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in these fields such as increased protein oxidation and macromolecular modifications associated with aging. This is a novel strategy for the visualization of ROS-induced protein oxidation and protection by antioxidants in living cells using fluorescent probes, thermochemiluminescence (TCL) methodology for
This is the second part which highlights the role that various imaging techniques play and/or might be able to play in detecting markers of disease. Cancer is often used as the example disease, but tumors exhibit many properties in common with other tissue, so it is possible to see how the techniques could be used in the diagnosis and management of other disease. There are also examples of the reverse of this flow of hypothesis and knowledge from one discipline to another. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used to detect the chemical milieu of the nucleus being focused on, be it phosphorus-31 (Arias-Mendoza) or protons (He). Phosphorus is intimately involved in carbohydrate, phospholipid metabolism and energy transfer. The brain has been the testing ground for
This publication contains a selection of 124 papers among the 165 full-length contributions which were submitted on-site at ISEM 2003. The objective of the symposia series is to vigorously promote the research in the field of electro-mechanical systems. The reader will, we hope, appreciate the variety of topics that were addressed. This is what makes ISEM so stimulating for whoever is interested in the applications of electromagnetics and its opening toward many technical fields. Yet, this publication does not intend to be a mosaic of sub-disciplines, but aims at their integration and synergy. This will be demonstrated by the present selection.
The book consists of three parts. The first part, entitled "Play and Grounding" looks at play as a context likely to reveal the essence of grounding. Grounding is the embodiment of understanding things/actions in relation to and/or integrated with their environments. The second part, entitled "Optimal Experience and Emotion" shows the close association between grounding and emotion. The third part, entitled "Pedagogy and Technology" elaborates on new technologies (the computer and Internet) and on concepts and pedagogical methodologies supported by such technologies. The contributions in this volume demonstrate the great potential for the further development. First, we are now more confident that emotion is indispensable for human learning, and that learning requires
The Medicine Meets Virtual Reality conference is a leading forum for surgical simulation and its supporting technologies, haptics and modeling. Assessment and validation studies of newly developed simulation tools are presented with the aim of enhancing the traditional medical education curriculum. Robotics, data visualization and fusion, networking, displays and augmented reality, are additionally explored at MMVR as tools to improve clinical diagnosis and therapy. The Proceedings offers medical educators, device developers, and clinicians a wide spectrum of research on data-focused technology utilized in a medical context.
This is the age of information and the Internet. It is based on the blend of two powerful technologies such as telecommunications and computing, which emerged in the second half of the twentieth century. Science and education are one of the main pillars of every contemporary society. Therefore, the importance of networking in research and higher education has been recognized by many countries with the establishment of National Research and Education Networks (NRENs). This publication covers a range of topics such as Quality of Service (QoS), TCP performance related to congestion management, security issues in open systems, schemes for tariffing and micro-payments so much needed in the realm of e-business, cashing mechanisms and content delivery, the ubiquity of the
Innovation in human medicines has enabled patients to benefit from treatments which would have been unimaginable a few decades ago. But despite the major health challenges faced today, since the beginning of the 21st century, Europe has been losing ground in the field of pharmaceutical innovation: between 1990 and 2006, expenditure on pharmaceutical research and development grew 5 times in the US, whereas in Europe it only grew 2.9 times. In 2008, the European Commission adopted a Communication and three legislative proposals with the objective of ensuring that the citizens of Europe would increasingly be able to benefit from a competitive industry generating safe, innovative and affordable medicines. But the effective research, production and marketing chain which is
For many diseases, such as heart disease and cancer, early detection plays a pivotal role in the survival rate of the patient. When detected early, many such lethal diseases can be effectively treated with existing remedies. The difficulty remains, however, how to effectively detect such conditions at the earliest possible stage with a high enough positive predictive value so that they can be treated effectively without overwhelming the medical system with false positive diagnoses. What is required is the identification of more effective or additional biomarkers, as well as other types of technologies, that can aid in the diagnosis of early stage diseases. The challenge is how to identify more effective biomarkers or technologies that can provide an earlier indication
This book presents some of the best ideas that are currently developed in doctoral theses in the area of Artificial Intelligence from all over Europe and beyond. It will provide the reader with papers about the newest formal and practical approaches written by the emerging intelligentsia in Artificial Intelligence. STAIRS-2004 reaches out to the best young researchers worldwide who present their solutions to advance AI and to bridge between its different subdisciplines, such as Multi-agent Systems, Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning, Uncertainty Management, Constraint Programming, and Intelligent User Interfaces. The topics of the papers cover a broad range in Artificial Intelligence including areas such as Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Machine
